A Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is a highly efficient electronic power converter that regulates output voltage by rapidly switching a power transistor on and off, rather than dissipating excess energy as heat like traditional linear power supplies. This high-frequency switching enables the use of smaller and lighter transformers and filters, resulting in a compact, lightweight design that achieves typical efficiencies of 80% to over 90%. Widely used in modern electronics ranging from computer power units to LED drivers and phone chargers, the SMPS precisely maintains a stable DC output voltage despite variations in the AC input supply or the load demand, making it an indispensable component for reliable and energy-efficient electronic devices.